Valve



June 24, 1930. w. H. SPIRE ET AL 1,767,409

VALVE Filed Dec. 14, 1921,

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Arron/v Patented June 24, 1930 UNITED (STATES OHIO r WILLIAM H. sPIRE AND RICHARD iarssnnn, on 'cmvntaan; onto, 'rls srenonsro THOMPSON PRODUCTS, INCORPORATED, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF VALVE Application filed December 14, 19 1, s ria ntl; 522,297.

This inventionrelates to valves, and particularly to valves used in connectlon with internal combustlon engines.

It is the Object of the invention to provide 5 a valve which can be economically manufactured and at the same time. possesses the necessary qualities of strength and resistance to the burning or oxidizing action of the heated gases with which they come into contact during use.

It is well known that cast iron" possesses great durability and has excellent lasting qualities in resisting oxidation by the heated gases discharged from the cylinders in the operation of these engines. This together with the fact that cast iron can be more easily machined makes cast iron a very desirable metal for use in valve construction; Since cast iron does not possess the necessary sirable that the stem be of steel. It is desirable that the stem be made of a non-oxidizing steel, otherwise the hot gases, often containparts by fusion, and the heat treatment necessary to restore the strength of the steel stem at the joint has an injurious efiect upon the cast'iron head. r V

We have discoveredthat by employing. a special non-oxidizing steel,v the =co nposition of which will be, hereinafter specified, it is possibleto integrally unite a cast iron head thereto by fusion and to restore the strength of the stem at the joint by, an an nealing'operation which does not require a' temperature high enough to injuriouslyaffect the cast iron head.

' the valve prior to,

strength for the stem of the Valve, it" is de-' ing an excess of oxygen, escapingpast the In, annexed drawings an following description, we; have set forthin f detail cere 'tainmeans embodying our} invention, the dis closed 'rneans, however, constituting. but one of the various mechanicalfornis in which the principle of the invention may be employed. In the annexed drawings forming 'a part of this specification:

Fig. 1 is a broken sec' the fusing together'of the head and stemL] I c w Fig. 2'is abroken sectional view,showing tional; View, showing the valve clamped between theelectrodes of a welding machine. I p

Fig.3 is a broken-sectional View, showing the completed valve. j 7 Fig.4 is a sectional view taken onthe plane indicated byline IVIV of Fig. 2

Referringto said annexed drawings, the

cast iron head 1 is drilled axially toreceive the steni 2. Thestem Qhas'a threadedend which fits slidably in the head. To integ ral ly unitethe head and J stem by fusion the headl is placed upon an electrode .3 formed with anopening therethrough to, receive the stem and a seat 4 fitting the inner neck portion of the head. The stem is positioned with its threaded end projectingashort distance beyond the outer" faceof the head and with said threaded end engaging thernovable electrode 5and its opposite end engaged by i ascrew 6carried by a-suitablyinsulated staand pressurefis applied to the movable electrode 5. @The hea-tdue to: the resistanceto the passageof the current throughthe head andstem quicklyfuses the metaland the compression; on the stem upsets the threaded end'lo'f-the stern withinthe bore of thehead confining-the fused metalfof head and stem and causing the head and stem to be integralstored by an annealing operation carriedout a-tia comparatively low temperature and the head 1 is machined to final form as. shown inFig. 3.,- i

A non-oxidizing steel which we have found suitable for the reasonthat it is capable oftionary'support' 7. A suitable-electriccur 16111118 then passed through. the electrodes 1y united. The strength ofthe stem is re-v being integrally united with a cast iron head and of being heat treated to restore the strength thereof without impairing said head has substantially the following composition:

Per cent Carbon .50 to .60 Manganese .30 to .50 Chromium 7.50 to 8.50 Silicon 1.25 to 1.75 Molybdenum .60 to .90

The non-oxidizing property of this steel is due to its relatively high chromium content. The property which renders possible the restoration of the strength thereofby annealing at relatively low temperature is apparently due to the relatively low carbon content together with the relatively high silicon content. The best results have been obtained with steels containing these elements in percentages within the limits above specified. The small percentage of molybdenum is added to render the steel more susceptible to surface hardening treatment.

3 What we claim is:

1. A poppet valve for internal combustion engines consisting of a cast iron head and a stem of non-oxidizable steel and having an end portion integral with said'head, the integral portion of said stem being heat-treated; the steel of such stem being of a character such as to have permitted the heat-treating at a temperature less than that 'whichwould oleleteriously 'afiect the cast iron head.

2. A poppet valve for internal combustion engines'consisting of a cast iron head and a stem'of non-oxidizable steel having an end portion integral with said head; the steel of said stem having'a carbon content of from .5 to 0%, whereby it may be heat-treated ata temperatureless than that which would deleteriously aifect the cast iron head.

3. A poppet valve for internal combustion engine consisting of a cast iron head and a stem of non-oxidizable steel having an end portion integral with said head; the steel of said stem having a carbon content of from .59 0 to .6% and a silicon content of from 1.25% to 1.75%, whereby it may be heattreated at a temperatureless thanthat which would deleteriouslyatiect-the cast iron head.

Signed by us this 21st day of November,

WILLIAM 'H. IsPIRE. RICHARD E. BISSELL. 

